在我的上篇随笔中,我们知道了创建单例类有以下几种方式:
(1).饿汉式;
(2).懒汉式(、加同步锁的懒汉式、加双重校验锁的懒汉式、防止指令重排优化的懒汉式);
(3).登记式单例模式;
(4).静态内部类单例模式;
(5).枚举类型的单例模式。
在上面的5种实现方式中,除了枚举类型外,其他的实现方式是可以被JAVA的反射机制给攻击的,即使他的构造方法是私有化的,我们也可以做一下处理,从外部得到它的实例。
下面,我将会举例来说明:
说明:
Singleton.java 没有经过处理的饿汉式单例模式实现方式
Singleton6.java 枚举类型的单例模式
SingletonNotAttackByReflect.java 经过处理的饿汉式单例模式实现方式
SingletonReflectAttack.java 具体反射类
SingletonReflectAttackMain.java JUnit测试类
举例1:不经过处理的单例类被JAVA反射机制攻击
Singleton.java 代码清单【1.1】
1 public class Singleton 2 { 3 private static boolean flag = true; 4 private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton(); 5 6 private Singleton() 7 { 8 } 9 10 public static Singleton newInstance()11 {12 return INSTANCE;13 }14 15 }
SingletonReflectAttack.java 代码清单【1.2】
1 /** 2 * 单例模式被java反射攻击 3 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 4 * @throws InstantiationException 5 * @throws IllegalAccessException 6 * @throws InvocationTargetException 7 * @throws SecurityException 8 * @throws NoSuchMethodException 9 */10 11 public static void attack() throws IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException12 {13 Class classType = Singleton.class;14 Constructor constructor = classType.getDeclaredConstructor(null);15 constructor.setAccessible(true);16 Singleton singleton = (Singleton) constructor.newInstance();17 Singleton singleton2 = Singleton.newInstance();18 System.out.println(singleton == singleton2); //false19 }
测试结果:SingletonReflectAttackMain.java 代码清单【1.3】
1 /** 2 * 1.测试单例模式被java反射攻击 3 * @throws NoSuchMethodException 4 * @throws InvocationTargetException 5 * @throws IllegalAccessException 6 * @throws InstantiationException 7 * @throws SecurityException 8 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 9 */10 @Test11 public void testSingletonReflectAttack() throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException12 {13 System.out.println("-------------单例模式被java反射攻击测试--------------");14 SingletonReflectAttack.attack();15 System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------");16 }17
运行结果:
返回结果为false,说明创建了两个不同的实例。通过反射获取构造函数,然后调用setAccessible(true)就可以调用私有的构造函数;所以创建出来的两个实例时不同的对象。
如果要抵御这种攻击,就要修改构造器,让他在被要求创建第二个实例的时候抛出异常。
下面,我们对饿汉式单例模式做修改。
举例2.经过处理的单例类,JAVA反射机制攻击测试
SingletonNotAttackByReflect.java 代码清单【2.1】
1 package com.lxf.singleton; 2 3 import javax.management.RuntimeErrorException; 4 5 public class SingletonNotAttackByReflect 6 { 7 private static boolean flag = false; 8 private static final SingletonNotAttackByReflect INSTANCE = new SingletonNotAttackByReflect(); 9 10 //保证其不被java反射攻击11 private SingletonNotAttackByReflect()12 {13 synchronized (SingletonNotAttackByReflect.class) 14 {15 if(false == flag)16 {17 flag = !flag;18 }19 else20 {21 throw new RuntimeException("单例模式正在被攻击");22 }23 24 }25 }26 27 public static SingletonNotAttackByReflect getInstance()28 {29 return INSTANCE;30 }31 32 33 }
SingletonReflectAttack.java 代码清单【2.2】
1 public static void modifiedByAttack() 2 { 3 try 4 { 5 ClassclassType = SingletonNotAttackByReflect.class; 6 Constructor constructor = classType.getDeclaredConstructor(null); 7 constructor.setAccessible(true); 8 SingletonNotAttackByReflect singleton = (SingletonNotAttackByReflect) constructor.newInstance(); 9 SingletonNotAttackByReflect singleton2 = SingletonNotAttackByReflect.getInstance();10 11 System.out.println(singleton == singleton2); 12 } 13 catch (Exception e)14 {15 e.printStackTrace();16 }17 18 }
SingletonReflectAttackMain.java 代码清单【2.3】
1 /** 2 * 2.修改后的单例模式被java反射攻击测试. 3 * 攻击失败 4 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 5 * @throws SecurityException 6 * @throws InstantiationException 7 * @throws IllegalAccessException 8 * @throws InvocationTargetException 9 * @throws NoSuchMethodException10 */11 12 @Test13 public void testModifiedByattack() throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException14 {15 System.out.println("-------------修改后的单例模式被java反射攻击测试--------------");16 SingletonReflectAttack.modifiedByAttack();17 System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------");18 }
运行结果:
在之前,我们也介绍过,枚举类型的单例模式也可以防止被JAVA反射攻击,这里我们简单测试一下。
举例3:枚举类型的单例模式被JAVA反射机制攻击测试
Singleton6.java 代码清单【3.1】
1 public enum Singleton6 2 { 3 INSTANCE; 4 5 private Resource instance; 6 7 Singleton6() 8 { 9 instance = new Resource();10 }11 12 public Resource getInstance()13 {14 return instance;15 }16 17 18 }
SingletonReflectAttack.java 代码清单【3.2】
1 public static void enumAttack() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException 2 { 3 try 4 { 5 ClassclassType = Singleton6.class; 6 Constructor constructor =(Constructor ) classType.getDeclaredConstructor(); 7 constructor.setAccessible(true); 8 constructor.newInstance(); 9 10 } 11 catch (Exception e) 12 {13 e.printStackTrace();14 }
SingletonReflectAttackMain.java 代码清单【3.3】
1 /** 2 * 枚举类型的单例模式被java反射攻击测试 3 * 攻击失败 4 * 5 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 6 * @throws SecurityException 7 * @throws InstantiationException 8 * @throws IllegalAccessException 9 * @throws InvocationTargetException10 * @throws NoSuchMethodException11 */12 13 @Test14 public void testenumAttack() throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException15 {16 System.out.println("-------------枚举类型的单例模式被java反射攻击测试--------------");17 SingletonReflectAttack.enumAttack();18 System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------");19 }
运行结果:
4.总结与拓展
所以,在项目开发中,我们要根据实际情况,选择最安全的单例模式实现方式。